UNIT 1:
Language Evaluation Criteria, influences on Language design, Language categories, Programming Paradigms – Imperative, Object Oriented, functional Programming , Logic Programming. Programming Language Implementation – Compilation and Virtual Machines, programming environments. Issues in Language Translation: Syntax, Semantics, Stages, analysis and synthesis, Parse Tree, CFG and BNF grammar.

UNIT 2:
Data types: Introduction, primitive, character, user defined, array, associative, record, union, Pointer and reference types, design and implementation uses related to these types. Names, Variable, concept of binding, type checking, strong typing, type compatibility, named constants, variable initialization. Sequence control with Expressions, Conditional Statements, Loops, Exception handling.

UNIT 3:
Subprograms and Blocks: Fundamentals of sub-programs, Scope and lifetime of variable, static and dynamic scope, Design issues of subprograms and operations, local referencing environments, parameter passing methods, overloaded sub-programs, generic sub-programs, design issues for functions overloaded operators, co routines.

UNIT 4:
Abstract Data types: Abstractions and encapsulation, introductions to data abstraction, Static and Stack-Based Storage management. heap based storage management. Garbage Collection. object oriented programming in small talk, C++, Java, C#, PHP, Perl . Concurrency: Subprogram level concurrency, semaphores, monitors, massage passing, Java threads, C#threads.

UNIT 5:
Exception handling, Exceptions, exception Propagation, Exception handler in C++ and Java. Logic Programming Language: Introduction and overview of logic programming, basic elements of prolog, application of logic programming. Functional Programming Languages: Introduction, fundamentals. Introduction to 4GL.