UNIT 1:
Automata: Basic machine, FSM , Transition graph, Transition matrix, Deterministic and nondeterministic FSM’S, Equivalence of DFA and NDFA, Mealy & Moore machines, minimization of finite automata, Two-way finite automata. Regular Sets and Regular Grammars: Alphabet, words, Operations, Regular sets, Finite automata and regular expression, Myhill- Nerode theorem Pumping lemma and regular sets, Application of pumping lemma, closure properties of regular sets.

UNIT 2:
Context –Free Grammars: Introduction to CFG, Regular Grammars, Derivation trees and Ambiguity, Simplification of Context free grammars, Normal Forms (Chomsky Normal Form and Greibach Normal forms).

UNIT 3:
Pushdown Automata: Definition of PDA, Deterministic Pushdown Automata, PDA corresponding to given CFG, CFG corresponding to a given PDA. Context Free Languages: The pumping lemma for CFL’s, Closure properties of CFL’s, Decision problems involving CFL’s.

UNIT 4:
Pushdown Automata: Definition of PDA, Deterministic Pushdown Automata, PDA corresponding to given CFG, CFG corresponding to a given PDA. Context Free Languages: The pumping lemma for CFL’s, Closure properties of CFL’s, Decision problems involving CFL’s.

UNIT 5:
Tractable and Untractable Problems: P, NP, NP complete and NP hard problems, examples of these problems like satisfy ability problems, vertex cover problem, Hamiltonian path problem, traveling sales man problem, Partition problem etc.